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| 日本鑑識科学技術学会誌
Volume 4, Number 2, (2000)
- 火炎と燃焼...須川修身
- ABO Genotyping of Forensic Specimens by PCR-RFLP Method Using Innovated Primers...南野友義，近藤稔和，大島 徹
- FT-ラマン分光法によるシアン化合物の分析...西岡 裕，西川眞弓，片木宗弘，辰野道昭，土橋 均
- キャピラリー電気泳動を用いた神経ガス分解物分析法の比較検討...片岡美江子，柘浩一郎，瀬戸康雄
- 栃木県および群馬県内における乱用覚せい剤の光学活性型...松島和己，長井敏明，阿久沢尚士，早乙女敦子，柳沢裕子，黒須 明，徳留省吾
- 血液・尿中での硫化物およびチオ硫酸塩の冷蔵保存変化...柘浩一郎，片岡美江子，瀬戸康雄
- ギ酸プロピル誘導体化GC／MSによる尿中覚せい剤の自動分析...菊地真美，奈女良昭，小嶋亨，及川肇
- トライエージを使用した覚せい剤乱用者尿のスクリーニングテストに関する一考察...雨宮正欣，長井辰男
- 赤外線テレビによる潜在指紋の検出法に関する研究...大木 博
| Volume 4, Number 2, pp.43-52 (2000) | | 火炎と燃焼 | | 須川修身 | | Flame is one of the clear index to estimate fire severity and to assess the fire safety for buildings. Basic flame behavior from a single fire source is described based on the Froude modeling which is established in the dimensionless form of Lf/D ∝ Q*2/(2n+3) taking n=1 for a line fire and n=2 for a square fire souce. For multi fire sources, not only a flame extension but also flame merging behavior is described based on experimental observation. Flame extension behavior in and near a 90° corner was also modeled as fire source approaching a comer or moving toward a wall. Flame from vertical distributed goods, such as rack stored goods, flame showed intermediate behavior taking n=1.5 for the relation of Lf/D ∝ Q*2/(2n+3). A modeling for flame extension along a wall is also described as the base part of a wall burning. These equations are useful to estimate the fire propagation for various situations of fires. | | Keywords...Flame, Line Fire, Square Fire, Flame Merging, Ghosting Fire, Wall burning. | |
| Volume 4, Number 2, pp.53-59 (2000) | | ABO Genotyping of Forensic Specimens by PCR-RFLP Method Using Innovated Primers | | 南野友義，近藤稔和，大島 徹 | | Innovated primers for ABO genotyping were designed. To identify the 261 G deletion in O allele, a 101- or 102-bp PCR fragment was amplified by 261-f and 261-r primers and digested with Kpn I. For the detection of the 703 point mutation (G→A) in B allele, a 131-bp PCR fragment was amplified by 703-f and 703-r primers and digested with Msp I. Results obtained with these primers for 6 ABO-known fresh peripheral blood samples showed that these new primers could provide an accurate ABO genotype. As for the amount of template DNA, ABO genotype could be performed with approximately 10 pg of template DNA. In forensic specimens (e.g., whole blood, skeletal muscle, hair and/or bone marrow) with different postmortem intervals between 7 hours and 7 years, it was possible to successfully determine ABO genotype. | | Keywords...ABO histo-blood group, ABO genotyping, PCR-RFLP, Forensic application | |
| Volume 4, Number 2, pp.61-66 (2000) | | FT-ラマン分光法によるシアン化合物の分析 | | 西岡 裕，西川眞弓，片木宗弘，辰野道昭，土橋 均 | Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman) was investigated as a simple and rapid method which allows us to determine cyanide and its related compounds in solid and aqueous samples nondestructively and without the need for time-consuming sample preparation.
The Raman spectra of metal cyanides showed clear differences. These differences are adequate for spectral differentiation of the compounds. The spectra also showed significant differences from their related compounds such as cyanates and thiocyanides even in their aqueous solutions. Using the FT-Raman technique, cyanide was reliably detected at to a detection limit of 1mg/ml diluted in water and of 2.5-5mg/ml even in various drinks such as Japanese tea and coffee.
Applying this technique, carbonate was able to be simultaneously determined along with cyanide in both solid and aqueous solution samples. This led to approximate estimation of initial concentration of cyanide in an aqueous solution left in ambiance. | | Keywords...FT-Raman spectroscopy, cyanide, quantitative analysis, aqueous solution | |
| Volume 4, Number 2, pp.67-75 (2000) | | キャピラリー電気泳動を用いた神経ガス分解物分析法の比較検討 | | 片岡美江子，柘浩一郎，瀬戸康雄 | | Various analytical conditions of capillary electrophoresis (CE) have been examined for separation and detection of organophosphorous nerve gas hydrolysis products, methylphosphonic acid (MPA), ethyl-, isopropyl- and pinacolyl methylphosphonic acid (EMPA, IMPA and PMPA). Seven analytical conditions were tested and compared with regard to detectability, quantitability, and the influence of high levels of chloride and carbonate. The detection limits for MPA and its monoalkyl esters varied from 0.01 ppm to 50 ppm. Peak detection was interfered by high levels of chloride and carbonate applied using three methods and depended on the types of ultraviolet-absorbing background ions contained in electrolytes, ways of detection and acidity of electrolytes (pH). Three conditions have been selected from the standpoint of sensitivity and influence of chloride and carbonate, and applied to the analysis of aqueous soil extract. | | Keywords...Capillary Electrophoresis, Alkyl methylphosphonates, Chloride, Carbonate | |
| Volume 4, Number 2, pp.77-82 (2000) | | 栃木県および群馬県内における乱用覚せい剤の光学活性型 | | 松島和己，長井敏明，阿久沢尚士，早乙女敦子，柳沢裕子，黒須 明，徳留省吾 | | This study deals with the enantiomer analysis of methamphetamine (MAMP) and its metabolite amphetamine (AMP), in urine specimens obtained from 50 Japanese MAMP abusers arrested in Tochigi and Gunma Prefectures. In this analysis, not only d-enantiomer but also l- enantiomer and a mixture of d- and l-enantiomer of MAMP and AMP were detected in these urine specimens. The urinary excretion profile was classified roughly into five groups on the basis of the l/d ratio of MAMP and AMP enantiomers. The first group consists of abusers of d-MAMP in thirty-two cases, and the second group consists of abusers of l-MAMP only in one case. The third, fourth and fifth groups are abusers of the mixtures of d- and l-MAMP. The third group' s urinary excretion of l-enantiomers of MAMP and AMP was lower than that of d-enantiomer in nine cases. The fourth group is quite the opposite of the third group: in both MAMP and AMP, more l-enantiomer than d-enantiomer is excreted in the four cases. The fifth group is the one in which the urinary excretion of l-MAMP is higher than that of d-MAMP, and l-AMP is lower than d- AMP in the four cases, and this result may suggest the stereoselective disposition in man. From these results, identification of the optical activity form of MAMP and its metabolite AMP will become necessary in practical police forensic examination in Japan. | | Keywords...Methamphetamine (MAMP), Enantiomers, MAMP Abusers1 Urine, HPLC analysis | |
| Volume 4, Number 2, pp.83-90 (2000) | | 血液・尿中での硫化物およびチオ硫酸塩の冷蔵保存変化 | | 柘浩一郎，片岡美江子，瀬戸康雄 | | The stability of sulfide and thiosulfate in human blood and urine during 4°C storage has been investigated. A human blood and urine samples supplemented with a known amount of sulfide or thiosulfate were stored at 4°C , and periodically analyzed for concentration of these compounds by GC-MS after pentafluorobenzyl derivatization. In urine supplemented with sulfide, its level was quickly decreased, resulting in no detection after 24 hr, and instead the metabolite thiosulfate was produced, which level reached the plateau of about 30% molar recovery of the added sulfide. In urine supplemented with thiosulfate, its level was quickly decreased within 1 hour and reached the plateau of about 50% molar recovery. In blood supplemented with sulfide, its level was quickly decreased within 1hr and the level reached the plateau of 60% molar recovery. The metabolite thiosulfate was produced, which level reached the plateau of about 50% molar recovery. Thiosulfate level in blood returned to the original level within a few hours after a quick decrease. The production of the derivatives of sulfide and thiosulfate in blood showed remarkable matrix effect (about one fifth in peak area) compared to those in water or urine. From blood supplemented with sulfide, a slightly raised recovery level of sulfide was obtained by addition of 2- mercaptoethanol, suggesting that a part of sulfide spiked to blood was trapped covalently in disulfide containing substances. | | Keywords...sulfide, thiosulfate, blood, urine, stability | |
| Volume 4, Number 2, pp.91-94 (2000) | | ギ酸プロピル誘導体化GC／MSによる尿中覚せい剤の自動分析 | | 菊地真美，奈女良昭，小嶋亨，及川肇 | | Automated analysis of methamphetamine (MA) and amphetamine (AP) in human urine was made by using PrepStation® with gas chromatograph / mass spectrometer (GC / MS). Using "an extraction-derivatization solution", which was made up of chloroform, isopropylalcohol and propylchloroformate (150:50:1, v/v/v), it was possible to extract and derivatize MA and AP simultaneously. This method was applied to actual urine specimens. The analysis time for 1 sample was approximately 30 minutes. Linear calibration curves, using the internal standard method, were obtained throughout the concentration range from 0.25 to 5 µg/ml in either the scan or selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Using a scan mode the detection limits were 1 µg/ml for both MA and AP and using a SIM mode the limits were 0.25 µg/ml for both MA and AP. The system studied here appeared simple and useful towards its application in daily duties. | | Keywords...Methamphetamine, Amphetamine, PrepStation, Propylchloroformate derivative, Liquid-liquid extraction, GC/MS | |
| Volume 4, Number 2, pp.95-98 (2000) | | トライエージを使用した覚せい剤乱用者尿のスクリーニングテストに関する一考察 | | 雨宮正欣，長井辰男 | | Though easiness and availability of a screening test are important factors, its correctness is most important for a drug abuser' s arrest according to screening results. The use of Triage® in screening tests to detect stimulants was examined. Abusers' urine samples contained methamphetamme at the concentration of which ranges from 1 µg/ml to 479µg/ml, and 66µg/ml(n=68) on the average. Triage® showed negative reaction at 1000µg/ml to 1500µg/ml, even though there was a high concentration of methamphetamine. Triage® gives false negative result, even when there is a very high concentration of stimulant present in the urine. We should take this into consideration. | | Keywords...methamphetamine, screening test, Triage , forensic toxicology | |
| Volume 4, Number 2, pp.99-102 (1999) | | 赤外線テレビによる潜在指紋の検出法に関する研究 | | 大木 博 | This study developed a new nondestructive detection method of latent fingerprints by infrared (IR)ray. For this purpose, IR-spectrum of human epidermal secretion was measured at a wavelength from 3,800cm-1 to 600cm-1 after preparation of the sample tablet by impressing a finger lightly on the surface of the KBr tablet.
As a result, maximum absorption was observed at around 2920cm-1 (3.4 µm). Based on this result, infrared-television system (IR-TV) was introduced for detection of fingerprints.
Specimens of fingerprints were prepared by impressing a finger on a plastics surface. Detection method of the latent fingerprints was studied using IR-TV attached with IR filter using 4 kinds of IR ray source. The IR ray sources used were a common tungsten lamp, xenon lamp (300-680 µm), IR-lamp (6 A, 250W), and a hair dryer (100A, 500W). As a result, latent fingerprints on the plastics was detected on the IR-TV display monitor using the IR lamp and hair dryer as an IR ray source. | | Keywords...Latent fingerprints, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, infrared television system | |
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